Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men aged 15 to 40, and early detection is critical for successful treatment. Thankfully, a simple monthly self-exam can help you detect any abnormalities early — when treatment is most effective.
Performing a testicular self-examination (TSE) is quick, easy, and potentially life-saving. It empowers men to know their bodies better and take charge of their health.
When to Do a Testicular Self-Exam
The best time to perform a self-exam is:
Once a month
During or right after a warm shower or bath, when the scrotal skin is relaxed and testicles are easier to examine.
Step-by-Step Guide to a Testicular Self-Examination
Follow these simple steps to check yourself thoroughly:
✅ Step 1: Stand in Front of a Mirror
Look for any visible swelling, lumps, or changes in the scrotum. One testicle may be slightly larger or hang lower — this is normal.
✅ Step 2: Feel Each Testicle Gently
Use both hands to examine each testicle separately. Place your index and middle fingers underneath and your thumbs on top.
✅ Step 3: Roll the Testicle Between Fingers
Gently roll the testicle between your fingers and thumb. You’re feeling for:
Lumps or hard areas (even small ones the size of a pea)
Changes in shape, size, or consistency
A feeling of heaviness or dull pain
✅ Step 4: Locate the Epididymis
At the back of each testicle, you’ll feel a soft, rope-like structure called the epididymis. This is normal and not a lump.
What’s Normal — and What’s Not
Normal Findings:
One testicle slightly larger or hangs lower
Soft, smooth, and slightly firm
Painless when touched gently
Concerning Signs:
A hard lump on or inside the testicle
Swelling, tenderness, or pain
A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
Sudden changes in size or shape
Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin
If you notice any of these, don’t panic — most lumps are not cancerous, but you should contact a urologist immediately to rule out serious conditions.
Who Should Be Doing TSEs?
All men, especially those between 15–40 years, should perform monthly testicular self-exams. You’re at higher risk if you:
Had an undescended testicle as a child
Have a family history of testicular cancer
Previously had testicular cancer in one testicle
What Happens If You Find Something?
If you detect a lump or change, schedule a consultation with a urologist as soon as possible. A doctor will likely recommend:
Ultrasound of the testicle
Blood tests for tumor markers (AFP, hCG, LDH)
Physical examination
Early diagnosis leads to excellent outcomes — testicular cancer has over a 95% cure rate when caught early.
Tips for Success
Set a monthly reminder on your phone or calendar.
Perform the exam when relaxed, not rushed.
Know your baseline feel — the more familiar you are with your body, the easier it is to detect changes.
In Summary
Testicular self-examination is a simple act that could save your life. It takes just a minute or two, once a month, and helps detect cancer in its earliest, most treatable stage.